贫困治理转型与“治理型贫困”的兴起——以滇南南县调查为讨论中心

Transformation of Poverty Governance and Emergence of "Governance Poverty" ——Based on a Survey in Nanxian County of South Yunnan

中国的贫困治理经历了"发展式扶贫阶段""开发式扶贫阶段"和"综合性治理阶段"三次转型,每个阶段展现出来的贫困特征与国家的治理手段各异。在进入综合性治理阶段之后,政府的干预性逐渐加强,其治理手段也愈发精细化和技术化,但是却遭遇了由这些治理行为本身所引发的"瞄准偏离"、"精英俘获"、"扶贫致贫"、"门槛效应"等一系列"治理型贫困"的困境。化解"治理型贫困"的困境,应该减少过度干预、调整识别方法、进行基层赋权以及尊重地方知识等。

Poverty governance in China has experienced three stages of transformation, i.e. , the stages of pro- gressive poverty reduction, development -oriented poverty reduction, and comprehensive governance. Each stage shows different features and applied different means of governance. And the stage of comprehensive governance sees greater government＇s intervention with more refined and technical means, which have, however, produced a series of predicaments of ＂governance poverty＂ ~ such as ＂target deviation＂ , ＂elite capture＂ , ＂poverty caused by poverty reduction＂, ＂threshold effect＂, etc. To solve the predicaments, it is imperative to reduce excessive intervention, adjust identification methods, and delegate greater power to the local government and respect the local cognition.