农村基层精准扶贫实践问题分析——基于云南邓镇的调查

An Analysis of the Practice of Targeted Poverty Alleviation in Rural Areas——Based on the Investigation of Dengzhen in Yunnan

精准扶贫是我国扶贫工作进入新阶段后提出的新战略,它对扶贫工作针对性的强调,有利于提高减贫效率。然而,由于多种因素的干扰,基层精准扶贫实践常常与文本表达发生偏离。扶贫实践既受到地方文化、惯例等非正式制度的制约,也受到项目资源管理体制等正式制度的限制,产生"瞄不准"、管理形式化、扶贫措施与贫困户需求不匹配等问题。为提高扶贫的精准性和扶贫效率,应从非正式制度和正式制度两方面着手改进扶贫工作机制,缩小扶贫实践与制度文本之间的差距。

Targeted poverty alleviation is one of the new strategies that China has put forward since it entered the new stage. Its emphasison the targets is conducive to raising the efficiency of poverty reduction. However, in practice, the targeted poverty alleviation is often disrupted by various factors and hence may deviate from the textual expressions. It is restrained both by certain informal institutions such as local cultures and norms, and formal insti- tutions such as the system of project resources, which produces some problems, like ＂target deviation＂, manage- ment merely as a form and mismatch between the measures provided by the system and the demands of the poor families. To improve the validity and efficiency of the poverty reduction, it is important to improve the mechanism of both the informal and formal institutions, narrow the gap between the practice of poverty alleviation and the text of the system.