硅对番茄果实发育及硅吸收特性的影响

Effects of Silicon Treatment on Fruit Development and Silicon Absorption of Tomato

为探讨硅对番茄的生理效应,本试验采用水培方式,研究了营养液硅水平对番茄果实发育及硅吸收分配规律的影响。结果表明,与对照（CK）相比,随营养液硅水平的提高,番茄植株各器官硅吸收量显著增加,果实成熟期缩短2~3天,坐果数及单株产量增加,但单果质量下降;硅水平过高（1.8 mmol/L）不利于植株生长,单株产量以1.2 mmol/L硅处理最高,较对照增产15.22%。提高营养液硅水平,显著提高了番茄植株硅含量、吸收速率和吸收积累量,全生育期植株硅含量均以叶片较高,根次之,果实及茎较低,且各器官硅含量随植株生长逐渐增加,硅吸收速率显著增强,至结果盛期达最高。

In order to investigate the effects of silicon on physiological characteristics of tomato（ Solanum lycopersicum L.）,the effects of silicon on fruit development and silicon absorption and distribution were studied using hydroponic experiments. The results showed that the increase of silicon level in culture solution caused the significant increase of silicon absorption of every organs,decrease of fruit mature period by 2- 3days,increase of fruit setting number and single plant yield,and decrease of single fruit mass. The growth trend of tomato plant under too high silicon level（ 1. 8 mmol / L） was weakened. The yield of tomato under suitable silicon level（ 1. 2 mmol / L） was the highest,which increased by 15. 22% compared with the control.The increase of silicon level in culture solution also resulted in the increase of content,absorption rate and accumulation of silicon in tomato plants. The silicon content in leaves was the most abundant,followed by root,while that in fruit and stem was lower. The growth and development of plants led to gradually increase of silicon content in every organ and significantly enhancement of silicon absorption rate,which reached to the peak at fruit flourish stage.