孕妇实施孕期乳头保健在降低产后乳腺炎发生率中的作用

Effect of nipple care in reducing the incidence of postpartum mastitis of pregnant women

目的探讨孕妇实施孕期乳头保健在降低产后乳腺炎发生率中的临床效果。方法选取2015年1~6月我院妇产科的150例孕妇,根据护理方式的不同随机分为研究组和对照组,各75例。研究组给予常规孕期乳头保健,对照组不进行任何护理,对两组产妇的产后乳头皲裂及乳腺炎的发生情况、母乳喂养成功率、不同时期的母乳喂养情况进行综合比较。结果研究组产妇产后乳头皲裂发生率为4.0%、乳汁淤积6.7%,较对照组的14.7%、18.7%低（P〈0.05）;研究组乳腺炎发生率为1.3%,较对照组的12.0%低（P〈0.05）;研究组产后喂养成功率显著较对照组高（P〈0.05）;出院前及产后4个月和6个月,研究组产妇的纯母乳喂养率较对照组高,混合喂养率及人工喂养率较对照组低（P〈0.05）。结论孕妇实施孕期乳头保健效果确切,能有效降低产后乳腺炎发生率,提高母乳哺育水平,改善母婴健康,值得临床推广。

Objective To investigate effects of nipple care in reducing the incidence of postpartum mastitis of pregnant women.Methods 150 cases of pregnant women in department of gynecology and obstetrics of our hospital from January to June 2015 were randomly divided into research group and control group,each group was 75 cases.Patients in the research group were treated with routine prenatal nipple care,while no treatment was given in the control group.Occurrence of postpartum cracked nipple and mastitis,success rates of breastfeeding and breastfeeding at different periods of two groups were compared.Results There were 4.0% of postpartum cracked nipple and 6.7% of milk deposition in the research group,which were lower than 14.7%,18.7% in the control group（P〈0.05）.Occurrence of mastitis was 1.3% in the research group,which was lower than 12.0% in the control group（P〈0.05）.Breastfeeding success rate of the research group was higher than that of the control group（P〈0.05）.Before discharge and postnatal 4 months and 6 months,the maternal exclusive breastfeeding rate of the research group was higher than that of the control group,mixed feeding rate and artificial feeding rate were lower（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Prenatal nipple care can effectively reduce the incidence of postpartum mastitis,improve breastfeeding and mother-baby health,it is worthy of clinical promotion.