非遗知识产权保护的原则与路径探析

Principles and Approaches of Protecting Intellectual Property Rights of Intangible Cultural Heritage

非物质文化遗产是珍贵的、具有重要价值的文化资源。我国非遗保护虽取得了不少成绩,但现有措施还不能满足非遗保护的实践需要。应将行政确权与知识产权保护结合起来,公法与私法结合起来,综合运用多种手段,提高非遗保护的水平。作为专门保护智慧成果的知识产权制度理应成为非遗私法保护的重要依据,文章论述了非遗知识产权保护的差异化原则、创新性原则、利益平衡原则、真实性原则,并运用知识产权保护结合著作权、相邻权、商标权、专利权、商业秘密等现有知识产权法律制度,探索非物质文化遗产保护有效途径。

Intangible cultural heritage is precious, cultural resources of important value. Although China has made great achievements in protecting these resources, the present measures are hardly sufficient to meet the practical needs. To improve the protection of intangible cultural heritage, multiple means should be applied, with the combination of administrative jurisdiction and intellectual property rights;public law combined with private law. The intellectual property rights, as a system especially designed to the protection of intellectual achievements, should be an important basis for the legal protection of intangible cultural heritage. The paper explicates the four principles in intangible cultural heritage protection — differentiation, innovation, benefit balance, authenticity, and explores an effective approach for the protection by combining some other intellectual property protection laws in the present legal system like copyright, adjacent relation, trademark right, patent right, trade secrete protection.