上颌快速扩弓对儿童鼻部软组织影响的研究

The effect of rapid maxillary expansion on children's nasal soft tissure

目的本研究目的在于通过测量上颌快速扩弓（rapid maxillary expansion,RME）后鼻部各标志点的即刻及长期位置变化,了解RME对儿童鼻部形态的影响。方法选取16名9~13岁接受RME治疗的患者作为RME组,20名9~13岁未接受RME治疗以及其他促进或抑制上颌骨发育的治疗的正畸患者作为对照组。采用电子游标卡尺和头影测量法分别测量扩弓前、扩弓结束时、扩弓结束三个月时和扩弓结束六个月时两组鼻部各部位宽度值和高度值的变化,并进行统计学处理。结果 RME加力结束即刻,RME组鼻软组织宽度的测量指标鼻翼宽度WAA和鼻基部宽度WAB分别增大了1.04±0.21mm和1.11±0.38mm（P〈0.05）,对照组宽度基本没有变化;两组鼻高度基本没有变化。扩弓加力结束保持三个月时,RME组鼻翼宽度WAA和鼻基部宽度WAB分别增加了0.94±0.32mm和1.00±0.44mm（P〈0.05）,宽度增加值大于对照组;REM组鼻高度有显著增加。扩弓加力后保持六个月时,两组患者鼻宽度均有增加,增加量无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,两组之间高度变化也没有统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 RME治疗对儿童鼻部软组织形态不会产生长期影响。

Objective To investigate the effedd of rapid maxillary expansion（RME）on the children＇s profile by measuring the nasal landmarks immediately at the end of treatment and after a period of retention. Methods Sixteen cases aged 9 to 13 years were selected as experimental group who was given RME treatment. At the same time, the control group consisting of 20 cases aged 9 to 13 years received no RME treatment and any other treatment that promoted or restricted the maxillary growth. For each patient, a lateral cephalogram was taken before treatment（T1）, immediately posttreatment（T2）, after a retention period of 3 months（T3） and after a retention period of 6 months（T4）, and then Win Ceph8.06 cephalometrics software was used to measure the patients＇ nasal height, meanwhile, the researcher used the Electronic Vernier caliper to measure the nasal width on patients＇ face. The data were statistically analyzed. Results At the end of expansion,WAA and WAB of the RME group increased 1.04±0.21 mm and 1.11±0.38 mm, respectively（P0.05）, but there were no significant changes in the control group（P 0.05）; The nasal height showed no significant changes in both groups（P0.05）. At the end of three months retention, WAA and WAB of the RME group increased0.94±0.32 mm and 1.00±0.44 mm, respectively（P0.05）, the increase of the width of the RME group was greater than the control group. Nasal height had significant increase in REM group. At the end of six months retention, significant increase of nasal width had been found in both groups, but there were no significant differences between the two groups（P0.05）;The nasal height between two groups also had no statistical significance（P0.05）. Conclusion RME treatment won＇t produce long-term effect on the children＇s nasal soft tissue shape.