广州市番禺区2014年健康人群麻疹、风疹、破伤风、水痘的抗体水平监测

Surveillance on immunity levels of measles,rubella,tetanus,varicella among healthy populations in pan Yu district,guang Zhou

目的了解广州市番禺区2014年健康人群麻疹、风疹、破伤风、水痘的免疫水平,为评价免疫效果、制定疫苗实施的策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法确定被调查对象,采集血液标本共241份,进行麻疹、风疹、水痘的抗体以及破伤风抗毒素水平监测,同时收集个案资料进行4种疾病抗体阳性率的比较。结果纳入调查的241人中,麻疹、风疹、水痘抗体、破伤风抗毒素阳性率分别为95.85%、83.40%、60.17%和50.21%。不同性别间4种疾病抗体阳性率差异均无统计学意义(麻疹:Fisher确切概率法,P>0.05;风疹:χ2=0.074、水痘:χ2=0.051、破伤风:χ2=0.950,P>0.05)。不同年龄组间抗体阳性率差异均有统计学意义(麻疹:Fisher确切概率法,P<0.01;风疹:Fisher确切概率法,P<0.05;水痘:χ2=26.74,P<0.01;破伤风:χ2=48.63,Fisher确切概率法,P<0.01)。除水痘抗体阳性率城区高于乡镇外,麻疹、风疹抗体阳性率城区均低于乡镇,差异有统计学意义(麻疹:Fisher确切概率法,P<0.01;风疹:χ2=4.84,P<0.05;水痘:χ2=4.66,P<0.05);破伤风的抗体阳性率城区低于乡镇,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.20,P>0.05)。有免疫史者4种疾病抗体阳性率高于无免疫史者,且差异有统计学意义(麻疹:Fisher确切概率法,P<0.05;风疹:χ2=14.98,P<0.01;水痘:χ2=4.01,P<0.05;破伤风:χ2=19.37,P<0.01)。结论广州市番禺区健康人群麻疹、风疹抗体水平较好,但水痘和破伤风抗体水平较低,存在薄弱地区与人群。应加强常规免疫接种和免疫水平监测,同时加强查漏补种工作。

Objective To understand immunity levels of Measles, Rubella, Tetanus, Varicella Among Healthy Populations in PanYu District, GuangZhou, so as to provide scientific basis for the evaluation of immune effect, and the timely development of vaccines against infectious diseases prevention and control strategies. Methods Using stratified random sampling method to collect different age group blood samples of 241 healthy people for measles, rubella, tetanie, varicella antibody levels of monitoring. Results Included in the survey of 241 people, measles, rubella, chicken pox antibodies, tetanus toxin positive rate was respectively 95.85% , 83.40% , 60. 17% and 50. 21%. 4 kinds of different disease antibody positive rate was no significant difference between the sexes （ measles ： Fisher＇s exact test, P 〉 0. 05 ; rubella：χ^2 = 0. 074, chickenpox ： χ^2 = 0. 051, tetanus ： χ^2 = 0. 950, P 〉 0. 05 ） . Antibody positive rates between different age groups were statistically significant （ measles ： Fisher＇s exact test, P 〈 0. 01 ; rubella： Fisher＇s exact test, P 〈 0. 05; chickenpox：χ^2 = 26. 74, P 〈 0. 01 ; tetanus： χ^2 = 48.63, P 〈 0. 01 ） . In addition to varicella antibody positive rate is higher than the towns outside the city, measles, rubella antibody positive rates were lower than urban towns, the difference was statistically significant （ measles ： Fisher＇s exact test, P 〈 0. 01 ; rubella： χ^2 =4. 84, P 〈0. 05 ; chickenpox： χ^2=4. 66, P 〈0. 05） ; tetanus antibody positive rate lower than the urban townships, the difference was not statistically significant （χ^2 = 0. 20, P 〉 0. 05） . There are four kinds of disease immunization history antibody - positive than in those without a history of immunization, and the difference was statistically significant （ measles： Fisher＇s exact test, P〈0.05; rubella： χ^2 =14.98, P〈0.01; chickenpox： χ^2 =4.01, P〈0.05; tetanus： χ^2 = 19. 37, P 〈 0. 01 ） . Conclusion hnmunity levels of measles and rubella were in good condition in Guangzhou, but antibody levels in tetanic and varicella were low, there are weak areas and the people, routine immunization and the immune level monitoring should be paid special attention, at the same time strengthening the leak seeding work.