西安市2011-2014年肾综合征出血热流行趋势和发病影响因素分析

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

目的了解2011-2014年西安市肾综合征出血热流行特征,分析其发病影响因素,为制定疾病防控的科学决策提供依据。方法分析中国疾病预防控制信息系统中报告的2011-2014年西安市肾综合征出血热病例信息,结合人口学数据信息,探讨西安市出血热流行规律和影响因素。结果 2011-2014年间西安市累计报告肾综合征出血热病例3 524例,死亡31例,周至县、户县、长安区和临潼区等老疫区发病较高,新城区、碑林区和莲湖区等主城区发病率较低。全年发病呈现两个典型高峰,以每年10月～次年1月的发病大高峰为主,占总病例数的73.69%。发病以16～60岁人群为主,占总病例数的74.89%,但16岁以下和60岁以上人群非免疫规划内人群发病数超过25.00%。职业以农民为主,占68.81%。结论 2011-2014年西安市肾综合征出血热发病呈现逐年下降趋势,这与西安地区肾综合征出血热流行规律有关,也与目前实施的以疫苗为主的综合防控策略有关。下一步需要解决的是16岁以下和60岁以上人群的疫苗接种问题,以切实保障这一群体的健康。

Objective To explore the Xi＇ an epidemic HFRS characteristics from 2011 to 2014,as the key point for disease control and prevention to provide scientific advice and countermeasures.Methods With the reports in China ‘s information system of disease prevention and control of hemorrhagic fever of renal syndrome cases（HFRS） information,combined with demographic data and information,analyzed Xi＇ an HFRS incidence from 2011 to 2014.Results The four years Xi ‘an has reported 3 524 cases and 31 cases of death,Zhouzhi,Huxian Chang an and Lintong district established previously,New district,Bei Linqu and Lianhu are low incidence;Annual incidence appeared two peaks,give priority to with big peak,the big peak is73.69%;Disease still is given priority to with 16 and 60 farmers,but the onset of persons under the age of 16 and 60 over25.00%.Condusion The last four years Xi＇ an HFRS showed a trend of decline year by year,it＇ s given priority to with vaccine of comprehensive prevention and control strategy has played a role,but the low age（ 16） and high age（ 60） vaccine to protect people outside personnel proportion increase,recommended vaccination strategy to reassess and defines the scope of vaccination age population.