先秦“道德”概念的形成及其伦理化考述

The Formation and Ethicized of the Conception of “Moral” in the Pre-Qin Period

考察先秦典籍,诸子各家所言的"道、德"源头上共通,从《尚书》、《周礼》到最初以孔子、老子、管子为代表的儒道法三家,其所论述的"道"与"德"都据古书,认为"道"是本体,"德"为性德。从"道德"一词的连用始,"道德"概念渐渐模糊于"仁义","道德"所言之物与古圣贤也渐行渐远。形而上之"道、德"具象化后等同于"德",进而等同于"仁义礼乐","道德"也逐渐成为一个伦理概念。

To investigate the pre -Qin period classics, the source of the words ＂ moral＂ are common between all classes of authors, from ＂Shangshu＂, ＂Zhouli＂ to the onginal Confucianism、Taoism、 legalism represented by Confucius, Laozi and Guanzi, what they said about the ＂Dao＂ and ＂virtue＂ was according to ancient books, think that ＂Dao＂ is ontology, ＂De＂ for reality. From the beginning of the word ＂ethics＂ collocation, the concept of ＂moral＂ blurred with the ＂kindheartedness＂, what ＂moral＂ said drifted away from the ancient sages.After the visualization of the metaphysical tao, equivalent to ＂ De＂ , which further equivalent to ＂ Renyi and I3＂yue＂ , ＂moral＂ gradually become an ethical concept.