贵州宽阔水国家级自然保护区黑叶猴种群数量与分布

Population Size and Distribution of Trachypithecus francoisi in Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve,Guizhou,China

2015年5—12月,基于宽阔水国家级自然保护区的黑叶猴历史资料设定重点调查区域,采用定点观察与痕迹观察资料收集以及非诱导式访问调查等方法对保护区黑叶猴种群数量和分布进行调查,并结合保护区巡护记录,重新确定黑叶猴在保护区的种群数量和分布区域。结果显示:保护区黑叶猴种群数量约为29群195只,比1995年增长了143.75%,比2003年增长了39.29%;主要分布区域位于保护区西南部的马蹄溪、白石溪、猪钻子沟、苏家沟、油筒溪、观音岩、底水、枇杷岩、让水坝等9个沟段中。全保护区内黑叶猴群体密度为0.11群/km^2,种群密度为0.74只/km^2,其中主要活动范围约32.50 km^2,主要活动范围内群体密度为0.89群/km^2,种群密度为6.00只/km^2。种群数量的稳定增长得益于保护区采取的一系列保护管理措施,有效制止了盗猎行为的发生,减少了附近居民活动对黑叶猴的干扰和影响。为进一步保护黑叶猴种群及其栖息地,建议保护区通过划定重点管护区域、加强科学管理、开展生境管理和调节、加强环境保护教育和社区共管等措施建立、健全保护管理机制。

The population size and distribution of Trachypithecus francoisi were surveyed in Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve using the methods of field investigation and interviewing from May to December 2015. The population dynamics and the distribution area of T. francoisi were then analyzed combining with the records from the forest guards. The results showed that there were about 195 individuals（ 29 groups） in the reserve,and increased by 143. 75% than that in 1995,and by39. 29% than that in 2003. Most of the encountered T. francoisi were distributed in 9 erosive valleys among the southwest part,including Matixi,Baishixi,Zhuzuanzigou,Sujiagou,Youtongxi,Guanyinyan,Dishui,Pipayan and Rangshuiba. The population density of T. francoisi in the whole reserve was 0. 74 individuals / km-2,and the group density was 0. 11 individuals / km-2. Additionally,the main distribution area of T. francoisi in the reserve was about 32. 50 km-2,and the population density of T. francoisi in this area was 6. 00 individuals / km-2,and the group density was 0. 89 groups/km-2. The steady growth of population was benefited from the effective protection strategies. The protection of T. francoisi and its habitat should also be enhanced by establishing highlighting protection region,strengthening scientific management,habitat management and regulation,strengthening environmental protection education and community co-management.