昆明城市绿地结构对鸟类多样性的影响

The Effect of Urban Space Structure on Bird Diversity in Kunming

岛屿化的绿地格局对城市鸟类的群落结构及空间分布会产生重要影响。通过样线法和样方法调查昆明城区19块绿地内的鸟类种类和数量、乔木种类和数量,结合遥感影像和现场调查,使用ArcGIS分析绿地生境结构,研究了城市绿地与鸟类的关系。结果表明,鸟类种类和数量与绿地面积呈正相关、与绿地距市中心距离无相关性;绿地内水域、硬化地、建筑地面积与鸟类种类和数量呈一定的负相关;乔木种数和食源乔木种数与鸟类种类呈显著正相关;城市绿地结构对鸟类的影响还与鸟类的生态习性相关。因此可以通过优化生境结构、改变绿地面积及乔木组成来提高城市鸟类多样性。

The community structure and spatial distribution of urban birds were influenced significantly by the patch pattern of the islanded urban spaces. Nineteen urban green spaces were sampled to study the relationships between green spaces and the species and abundance of birds. Birds and trees were investigated by line transect method and plot method,and habitat structure and area of green spaces were analyzed with Arc GIS based on satellite images and field survey. The results indicated that the bird species and abundance were correlated positively with the green space area,but were less correlated with the distance from the green space to the downtown. Bird species and abundance were influenced significantly by the number of trees and bird-feed trees,but were negatively correlated with the water area,building area and concreted surface area. Moreover,the influence of urban green space structure on bird species was also related to the bird ecological habits.Consequently,it was suggested that bird diversity in urban green space can be improved by increasing areas,optimizing structure of green spaces and growing more bird-feed trees.