干燥温度对禾本科牧草种子脱水速率和发芽率的影响

Effects of Drying Temperature on Water Loss and Germination Rate of Gramineous Seeds

为掌握入库前不同干燥温度对禾本科牧草种子的干燥效果,对14种禾本科牧草种子在湿度15±3%、温度分别为15±2℃和21±2℃条件下进行连续干燥,研究不同干燥温度下种子的脱水速率和发芽率。结果表明:(1)在温度15±2℃条件下干燥11d后,只有巴哈雀稗种子含水量降至7%以下,达到入库标准;而在温度21±2℃条件下干燥,除匍匐翦股颖、披碱草和小黑麦外,其余11种牧草种子含水量均达到7%以下;(2)在两个温度下干燥后,草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草、匍匐翦股颖发芽率显著降低(P<0.05),狗牙根、小黑麦、燕麦的发芽率变化不一,其余8种牧草种子发芽率干燥前后无显著变化。综合考虑,巴哈雀稗应在15±2℃干燥,冰草、多花黑麦草、高羊茅、紫羊茅、狗牙根、狼尾草、鸭茅应在21±2℃干燥,其余供试牧草的种子干燥方法还有待进一步研究。

In order to learn the effect of drying temperature on gramineous seeds before they were put into germplasm bank,14 gramineous seeds were respectively dried at 15±2℃ and 21±2℃ with 15±3%r.h.The water loss rates of the seeds were tested during the drying.And the germination rates were tested before and after the drying.The results showed：（1）The water contents of Paspalum natatu reached the standard of germplasm bank（7%）at 15±2℃,while those of all species with the exception of Agrostis stolonifera,Elymus dahuricus and Secale cereale were below 7% at 21±2℃.（2）When the seeds were dried at the two temperatures,the germination rate of Poa pratensis,Lolium perenne and A.stolonifera decreased（P0.05）,those of Cynodon dactylon,S.cereale and Avena sativachanged differently at two temperatures,but the other 8species did not changed significantly.In conclusion,P.natatu could be dried at 15±2℃.Agropyron cristatum,L.multiflorum,Festuca elata,F.rubra,C.dactylon,Pennisetum alopecuroides,Dactylis glomeratacould be dried at 21±2℃.The drying methods of the other species need to be further studied.