2011年-2015年南昌市流感监测哨点医院病原学检测结果分析

Analysis of pathogenic surveillance results for influenza from sentinel hospitals in Nanchang during 2011-2015

目的了解2011年-2015年南昌市流感病毒流行情况,为科学制定流感防控策略提供参考依据。方法收集2011年1月-2015年12月南昌市哨点监测医院流感样病例标本,采用实时荧光定量反转录PCR（real-time RTPCR）反应进行病毒核酸检测分型,阳性标本接种MDCK细胞进行病毒分离,血凝抑制实验鉴定。结果共检测流感标本核酸3 856份,阳性标本829份,阳性率为21.5%;其中新甲型H1N1、季节性H3、B型阳性率分别为4.69%、10.8%、5.9%。各年度阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=160.38,P〈0.01）。不同年龄组流感病毒检出结果差异有统计学意义（χ2=12.93,P〈0.01）,其中以5岁~年龄组阳性率最高（25.8%）,0岁~年龄组阳性率最低（14.6%）。流感病毒在各监测年度冬春交季有1个流行高峰。结论南昌市2011年-2015年有3种毒株呈现共同或先后交替流行。新型人禽流感病毒的活跃对南昌市流感病毒流行态势造成了一定的影响。

Objective To understand the epidemic status of influenza in Nanchang from 2011 to 2015,so as to provide scientific experimental evidence for establishing influenza prevention and control strategies. Methods Samples from patients with influenza- like illness（ ILI） were collected in sentinel hospitals in Nanchang from January 2011 to December 2015. The detection and genotyping of influenza virus nucleic acid was performed by real- time RT- PCR,and positive samples were inoculated with MDCK cells for virus isolation. After that,the types of influenza virus isolates were confirmed by hemagglutination inhibition（ HI） test. Results 829 positive samples were detected among 3 856 patients with the positive rate of 21. 5%. And the positive rates of influenza H1N1,seasonal H3 and B type were 4. 69%,10. 8% and 5. 9%,respectively. The positive rate difference was statistically significant among each year（ χ2= 160. 38,P 0. 01）. The differences on the detection results of influenza virus among different age groups were statistically significant（ χ2= 12. 93,P 0. 01）; the positive rate was the highest in the age group of 5- year old（ 25. 8%）; while the lowest positive rate was in the age group of 0- year old（ 14. 6%）. The prevalent peak used to happen in the winter- spring per year. Conclusion During 2011- 2015 in Nanchang,there were 3kinds of strains which showed a common or alternative epidemic. A new type of human avian influenza virus in Nanchang has a certain effect on the epidemic situation of influenza virus.