开滦煤矿创伤人群的伤情特点分析

Characteristics of job injuries among miners of Kailuan Coal Mine

目的调查开滦煤矿创伤的伤情特点，为今后的医疗救治和预防提供有效的流行病学资料。方法本研究采用横断面的研究方法，选择2012年度开滦集团公司参加伤工查体的职工为研究对象，分析其性别和年龄分布，年工伤率趋势，受伤等级及受伤部位分布情况。结果煤矿创伤职工以男性为主，40-49岁职工发生煤矿创伤的比例最高，占35．44％。30年期间职工发生煤矿创伤的比例以1986年最高，占4．11％，2011年最低，占0．10％，年工伤发生率大致呈下降趋势，且每年煤矿创伤集中在1月份。受伤部位以四肢最多（63．75％），腹部最少（0．53％）。等级分布5-10级损伤部位以四肢最多，年龄以40-49岁比例最高，≥60岁比例最低，1-4级损伤部位以腹部损伤最多，年龄以30-39岁比例最高，〈20岁比例最低，各级损伤部位均以腹部最少。结论根据以上煤矿创伤的发生规律，对煤矿工人有针对性实施健康教育和医疗救治，可有效预防和减少煤矿创伤的发生，从而保护煤矿工人的人身安全，提高企业效益。

Objective To investigate the Characteristics of job injuries among miners of Kailuan Coal Mine. Methods The clinical data of 11425 coal miners who suffered from job injuries from January 1982 to June were collected from 11 brahehes of the Kailuan General Hospital and analyzed. Results Of the 11425 miners 10878 were male （95.21%）, 35.44% were aged 40-49, the extremities accounted for 63.75% of the injured area, and abdomen only accounted for 0.53%. There was a descenting trend in job injury rate during the period of these 30 years. And the injury rate had been the highest in January every year. Conclusion Most coal miners who suffer from job injury are male, middle-aged. Most of the injuries occur in the extremities. The highest incidence occurs when the Spring Festival draws near.