多高层木及木混合结构研究进展

State-of-the-art of research advances on multi-story timber and timber-hybrid structures

作为绿色装配化建材,木材在建筑业中的应用与发展越来越受到重视,木材也不再仅局限于三层以下的低矮建筑,近10年来北美、欧洲各国都开始研究用木材建造多高层建筑,或与其他材料混合建造多高层木混合结构。目前多高层木及木混合结构的主要研究进展包括:新型结构体系构建及新型工程木材料应用,大型足尺振动台试验及其结构动力响应、抗震性能评估、可靠度分析,抗火性能试验及其分析,新型结构设计方法和工程案例研究。已有研究结果表明:只要进行合理的结构分析和设计、采用适当措施,多高层木结构及木与其他材料混合的结构均具有较好的承载能力和抗震、抗火性能,可以保证结构安全可靠。基于研究成果,加拿大规范已允许木结构建到6层(18 m高),英国、澳大利亚和挪威已陆续建起了9、10层和14层的木混合结构,奥地利将于2017年建成75%采用木材的24层木混合结构,德国、加拿大、美国等学者提出了建设30层以上木混合结构的方案。

With the push for green building materials and green assembly,the application of wood in construction industry has gained more and more attention nowadays. With the increase of urban population,the industry believes that wood can＇t be limited to build three or less story low-rise structures. Thus North American and European countries have started research on how to build multi-story timber structures or timber-hybrid structures with other materials in the last decade. The research progress on multi-story timber and timber-hybrid structures mainly include innovation of structural system and application of new engineering wood materials,large full-scale shaking table tests and structural dynamic response,seismic performance evaluation,reliability analysis,fire resistance tests and analysis,novel design methods and case studies. The research shows that multi-story timber and timber hybrid structures have good seismic performance,fire resistance and structural reliability with reasonable structural analysis and design,and appropriate structural measures. Based on the research,Canada has allowed the construction of timber buildings up to 6 stories（ 18 meters high）. Britain,Australia and Norway have built timber hybrid structures of 9 stories,10 stories and 14 stories,respectively. Austria plans to build 24 stories timber hybrid structure with 75% timber by volume. Germany,Canada and America propose a construction program of 30 stories or higher timber hybrid structures.