如何实现“法院独立”与“法官独立”的统一——法院改革的策略选择

How to Realize the Integration between the “Court Independence” and “Judge Independence”——Strategy of Court Reform

"法院独立"与"法官独立"并非两种对立的司法组织原则。法院独立具有政体面向,而法官独立体现司法技术要求。法院独立服务于法官独立,法院体制为法官行使职权提供庇护,屏蔽各种不利于法官独立的干扰。此外,法官还需要专门的职业保护。在我国司法体制改革推进策略中,以去地方化为方向的法院独立应具有优先性;当下作为阶段性目标的"法官独立"应适度而为,为实现法官独立需要去除的,是那些有违司法规律、明显钳制法官自主性、不利于提高法官素养的行政化因素。法院改革中对审判组织层面的问题有所忽视,应以合议制审判组织运行技术规则为法官独立与受制的平衡点;陪审制不能法院化,而应国家化,在司法体制改革中应与法院改革齐头并进。

In the strategy of judicial system reform,dispelling localization of court independence should be preferential.As current goals the independence of judge should be carried out moderately to dispel the administrative elements which violate judicial regulations,obviously constrain judges＇ automation and make disadvantages to promote judges＇ cultivation.The collegiate court system has been ignored to some degree in court reform.The regulation operating the collegiate court system would balance the judge＇s independence and constraint.The jury system should not be operated by court itself,and should be promoted with the court reform synchronously.