信任的“跃迁”及其限度

Transition for Trust and Its Limit

信任是现代社会中的一种重要精神资源,是构成社会资本的核心要素,在个体生活、组织运行、社会治理等方面具有特殊的积极作用。近一段时期来,国内外社会科学界日益重视社会信任的来源研究。一方面考察个体层面社会交往特性与信任的关系。现代社会的交往、活动及行为表现出匿名性、独立性、自由性和自信性等特点,体现着非人格化、契约化的互动方式。普遍信任正是在这些现代互动方式的多样性中孕育而生;另一方面考察制度对于发展信任的影响,认为普遍信任的国家制度来源强于社会交往来源。制度观念中体现的普遍主义、广泛参与、无差别惩戒等能够营造信任的良好环境,提升普遍信任水平。无论是借助社会交往还是国家制度,从特殊信任到普遍信任的"跃迁"都存在一些限度。

Trust is an important spiritual resource in modern society and core element to compose social capital,playing an exceptionally active role in individual life, organization operation and social governance. Of late period, social science academia at home and abroad has paid increasing attention to the research in the source of social trust. On the one hand,the writer has examined the relation between feature and trust in social contact at individual dimension. The contact,activity and behavior in modern society appear to be anonymous,independent,liberal and confident,looking impersonal and contractual.Universal trust is born to diversity in these modern inter-active manner;on the other hand,the survey system takes effect on development trust,thinking that state system with universal trust originates from the source of social contact. The universalism,extensive participation and indiscriminate punishment contained in system concept can create a good setting for trust and raise level of universal trust. Whether on social contact or on state system,there exists certain limit in ＂transition＂from special trust to universal trust.