氧化石墨烯在生物医学领域的应用

A Survey for Biological Applications of Graphene Oxide

氧化石墨烯(GO)是石墨烯的衍生物,具有较高的比表面积和丰富的官能团:底面含羟基和环氧基,边缘含羧基。这些官能团赋予了氧化石墨烯良好的亲水性、分散性和生物相容性,易于修饰和功能化,加之其优良的光学性质,使得氧化石墨烯在生物医学领域具有广阔的应用前景。着重介绍了氧化石墨烯在生物传感器、生物成像、药物/基因传送、光热/光动力治疗、抗菌材料、生物安全性方面的研究现状和进展。

Graphene is strictly a two-dimensional material,a sheet of carbon with just one atom thick.Its unusual electronic properties and two-dimensional nature make it the research focus since its discovery.Graphene oxide（GO）,a derivative of graphene,is also a two-dimensional material which has large surface area,excellent aqueous dispersity,hydrophilicity,biocompatibility and optical properties.It possesses rich functional groups,the hydroxyl and epoxy groups on basal surface and carboxyl on edges.Owing to these functional groups,graphene oxide is readily to be modified and functionalized with different agents,offering GO the extensive applications in biomedical fields.The formation of hydrogen bonds between water molecules and polar groups on graphene oxide provides graphene oxide with advantages for potential biomedial applications compared with other carbon-based materials such as the fullerene and carbon nanotubes.This report attempts to review the state of the art of graphene oxide applications in biosensors,bioimaging,drug/gene delivery,photothermal/photodynamic therapy antibacterial material and biological safety,and discuss the challenges and opportunities for future research.It is expected that the intensive understanding of the nature and action mechanism of graphene oxide will open a pathway for its extensive application.