蓝莓对外源硒的吸收、转化及其对品质效应的影响

Absorption and transformation of exogenous Se and its quality effects in blueberry(Vaccinium corymbosum)

为探讨蓝莓对外源硒的吸收、转化及施硒对蓝莓品质的影响,通过田间试验研究了叶面喷施和土壤基施亚硒酸钠条件下,蓝莓中总硒、有机硒、矿质元素和可溶性糖含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化,计算了蓝莓中有机硒占总硒的比例和硒利用率。结果显示,蓝莓硒含量随施硒量的增加而增大,叶面喷施的效果显著优于土壤基施。叶面喷施条件下,施硒量为120 g·hm^(-2)时,蓝莓硒含量最高可达158.9μg·kg^(-1),为对照的50倍以上。有机硒占总硒的比例处于82.46%~89.34%之间,不同处理差异不显著。以60 g·hm^(-2)施硒量于开花期和坐果期分2次喷施硒利用率最高。施硒降低了蓝莓中K、Na含量,增加Ca、Mn含量,对Mg未产生显著影响。随施硒量增加,蓝莓中可溶性糖含量呈先增加后降低的趋势,但各处理间差异不显著。叶面喷施提高了蓝莓浆果中SOD活性,当施硒量为120 g·hm^(-2)时,其差异达显著水平。以60g·hm^(-2)施硒量于开花期和坐果期分2次喷施,为富硒蓝莓最佳的施硒方式。

The absorption and transformation of exogenous Se and its quality effects in blueberry（Vaccinium corymbosum） were studied. In this paper, we detected the changes of total selenium, organic selenium, mineral elements and soluble sugar contents and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity in blueberry, and the proportion of organic Se in the total Se and the utilization ratio of selenium by foliar spraying and soil application method. The results showed that the Se content of blueberry increased with the increase of the amount of Se application, and the effect of foliar spraying was significantly better than that of soil application. The maximal Se content of blueberry could reach 158.9μg·kg-1 when Se application was 120g·hm-2, which was more than 50 times higher than that of the control. The proportion of organic Se in total Se was between 82.46%–89.34%, and the differences was not significant among the different treatments. The utilization rate of Se with 60g·hm-2 Se application and foliar spraying in the flowering and fruiting periods separately was highest. Se application reduced the K and Na contents in blueberry, increased the contents of Ca and Mn, and had no significant effect on Mg. With the increase of Se application, the soluble sugar content increased firstly and then decreased, but the differences were not significant among treatments. Foliar spraying increased the activity of SOD in blueberry, when Se application was 120g·hm-2, the difference reached significant level. The treatment of 60g·hm-2 Se application and foliar spraying in the flowering and fruiting periods separately are the best ways of Se enriched blueberry.