家庭背景与教育获得的性别不平等

Family Background and the Gender Inequality of Education

区别于考察教育获得机会性别不平等的累积效果,本文考察了不同阶段教育获得机会性别不平等,检验了性别因素与家庭背景因素之间的交互作用。利用2008年中国综合社会调查数据(CGSS)的研究表明,教育获得机会性别不平等随着教育层次的提高而减弱。城乡差异加剧了教育获得机会的性别不平等,农村居民教育获得机会的性别差异程度要高于城市居民。随着教育层级的提高,母亲受教育水平越高将持续降低教育获得机会的性别不平等。兄弟姐妹人数越多的家庭,教育获得机会的性别不平等越严重,且随着教育阶段的深入,效果持续、唯一存在。结果表明,增加城镇人口比例的中国城市化政策、提高父母教育程度的高校扩招政策以及缩小家庭规模的计划生育政策将对中国教育获得的性别平等化有贡献。本文采用极大似然估计,一次性分析影响不同阶段教育获得机会性别不平等的因素,考察了不同层次教育的序贯选择过程以及选择过程之间存在的相关性。

Differing from exist literatures examining accumulative effect of gendr inequality in educational attainment, the paper inspects the family background effect on gender inequality of education in different education stages. With the data from 2008 Chinese General Social Survey （CGSS）, we find the gender inequality in education would be weakened in higher education stage. Ruralurban differences intensify this gender inequality, gender differences of education opportunity in rural is larger than that in urban. Higher mother education level will consistent reduce the gender inequality in higher education stage. The more siblings a family has, the more serious gender inequality of educational attainment will be. The results indicate China＇s urbanization policies which increased urban population proportion, college expansion policy that improved mothers＇ education degree and family one child planning policy which decreased family size could contribute to gender equality in education in China. This paper use maximum likelihood estimation to analyze factors which can effect gender inequality of different education stages at one time, inspecting the correlation of different levels of education in sequential selection process as well as selection process.