细乳液聚合法制备高固含量聚丙烯酸酯乳液及性能

Preparation and Performances of High Solid Content Polyacrylate by Miniemulsion Polymerization

以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为乳化剂,正丁醇为助稳定剂,通过细乳液聚合法制备了固含量高达60%的聚丙烯酸酯乳液。考察了SDS用量对乳液凝胶率、转化率、旋转黏度的影响,进一步考察了理论固含量对乳液旋转黏度、粒径大小及其分布的影响。结果表明:随着SDS用量的增加,固含量为60%时,乳液凝胶率先降低后增加,转化率变化较小,旋转黏度增加;随着理论固含量的增加,乳液旋转黏度明显增加,粒径大小及其分布明显增大;透射电镜(TEM)结果与动态光散射(DLS)测试结果一致,高固含量乳液呈现出较宽的粒径分布。将该乳液应用于皮革涂饰工艺中,涂饰后革样力学性能与市售同类皮革涂饰剂相当,耐湿擦、透气性能都有所提高。

Miniemulsion polymerization was used to prepare polyacrylate emulsions with 60% solid content via sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS） as an emulsifier and n-butanol as a co-stabilizer. Effects of SDS content on the gel rate,conversion rate and rotational viscosity of the resulting emulsions were investigated. Furthermore,the emulsion viscosity,particle size and distribution of polyacrylate emulsions with different theoretical solid content were studied. The results showed that the emulsion gel first decreased and then increased,the conversion rate did not changed obviously,the rotary viscosity increased with the increase of SDS amount. With the increase of emulsion solid content,the emulsion viscosity,particle size and distribution increased significantly. The results of transmission electron microscopy（TEM） showed that the high solid content emulsion displayed wider particle size distribution,which was consistent with that of dynamic light scattering（DLS） measurement. The emulsion obtained by this process was applied in leather finishing,and the mechanical properties of the leather samples treated with high solid content emulsion did not change,but their wet rubbing fastness and gas permeability improved compared with the properties of the leather samples treated with the commercial leather finishing agent.