治理结构视角的“乡村建设实验”特征考察

A Research on Features of Rural Development Experiments from the Perspective of Governance Structure

当下"政府主导"的乡村建设带来繁荣,但单一建设路径也暗藏风险,多元的乡村建设模式亟待培养。引入治理结构的理论视角,审视当下一批乡村建设实验,并总结了三类建设主体:企业资本、NPO与NGO、知识分子与本土精英。各主体在乡村建设中构建三类治理结构:辅助的自上而下型、协调权益的中间桥梁型、血缘牵连的自下而上型。通过与政府主导乡村建设模式对比,认为多元的乡村治理结构能与政府力量和基层自治相协调,并弥补单一建设模式的缺位和风险。通过构建一个多元参与的乡村建设平台,促进更多样的主体参与乡村建设,能够完善乡村治理体系,丰富乡村建设图景,应对日益严峻的乡村衰退。

The current ＂government-oriented＂ rural construction brings prosperity, but risks are also hidden in the unification of rural construction, and pluralistic subjects need to be cultivated. This research observes the most representative rural development experiments in the recent years from the perspective of the governance structure. We firstly summarize three main subjects in the rural development experiments, which includes the corporate capital, NPO and NGO, intellectuals and local elites. After analyzing these three categories of subjects, we conclude the governance structures into three models： the auxiliary topdown, the intermediate bridge thai coordinates interests, and the blood related bottom-up. Finally, by comparing with the unified ＂government-oriented＂ model of governance, this paper argues that diverse rural governance structures coordinated with government force and grassroots self-government are capable of making up the vacancy and risks lays in the unified approach of rural construction. By building a pluralistically participatory rural construction platform, more diverse bodies can be involved in the rural construction and rural governance system can be improved, which brings an ideal picture of rural construction and ability to cope with increasingly severe rural recession.