空间正义视角下中国城镇住房调控实施的批判与反思

The Criticism and Introspection of Regulation on Urban Housing under the Spatial Justice Angle of View in China

本文基于空间正义的视角,首先对我国1994年以来的城镇住房调控政策进行了回顾和梳理,然后从保障房供给、市场租赁、市场购房三个方面分析政策实施过程中存在空间正义的缺失,其中保障性住房调控力度虽大,但因数量有限、供给方式单一、位置偏远、分布过于集中而加剧了居住空间分异和弱势群体边缘化,公租房对夹心层缺乏吸引力,而对于租房市场的调控政策长期乏力,租客仍然属于市场租赁的弱势群体,房地产市场也是政策调控重点,但存在着房价—收入比例失衡问题,也一定程度上加剧了社会资源的分配不均。此外,住房调控领域空间正义的缺失也间接推动着住房私有化进程,这又进一步表现出政策调控的失衡。

Based on the spatial justice angle of view, this paper reviewed and analyzed the regulation policies on urban housing in china from 1994, in the aspect of security housing supply and housing market. Afterwards, the deficiency of spatial justice in the process of policy implementation was analyzed, from the points of security housing supply, leasing market and market purchasing. Although the regulation on security housing has a strong power, it intensified the residential space differentiation and marginalization of vulnerable groups because of limited amount, sole supplying mode and remote location. Public rental housing lacked attractiveness of the sandwich layer, and was weak in regulatory policy, which leads to the tenant weakness situation. Meanwhile, the housing market was also important for policy regulation, but the imbalance of house price and income ratio intensified the unbalanced distribution of social resource to some degree. Besides, because of the additional attribute of housing, the lack of space justice in the field of housing regulation also indirectly promotes the housing privatization process, which demonstrates the imbalance of policy regulation.