从马克思主义时代观看中东国家发展的国际环境

The International Environments of the Middle East Countries' Development from the Perspective of Marxist View of the Times

时代观指人们观察和判断时代及其变化的立场和方法。马克思主义时代观是科学认识中东国际环境、分析中东国家把握时局状况的依据。中东国际环境变迁是内外因素作用的结果。历史上,帝国兴亡更迭既反映中东区域力量对比的态势,又显示自内而外塑造国际关系的基本路径。但是,近代以来,中东地区自主塑造国际关系的机制已被打断,中东国际环境遂呈现外部性、多变性、脆弱性等特征。土耳其、伊朗、埃及、利比亚等国关于时代认知及其战略抉择方面存在诸多问题,教训沉重。其缘由在于:许多国家在时代认知上受传统伊斯兰国际观的消极影响,在激进主义和理想主义理念驱动下追求不切实际的目标,民族国家主权观念淡薄,忽视国家和社会发展问题等。因此,在激烈竞争的当代世界,中东国家亟需一种理性的时代观,认清时代特征,洞悉时代方向,恰当施策,才能在中东复杂的国际环境中谋求国家之持久稳定、发展和繁荣。

The view of the times is the base and approach to observe and judge the times and changes of Middle East countries.. The changes of the Middle East are the outcomes of both the internal and external factors. In history, the rise and fall of empires reflected the tendencies of Middle East regional power ratio, and the basic route of shaping international relations as well. But since modern times, Middle East countries ＇ mechanism to independently mould international relations was interrupted. Middle East international relations show the characteristics of externality, volatility and vulnerability. A study of the views of the times and strategies of Turkey, Iran, Egypt and Libya found out that there were frequent mistakes and heavy lessons. The root causes were that those countries＇ cognition of the times was negatively influenced by traditional Islamic world view. Some countries strove for impractical goals. They had weak idea of national sovereignty, and neglected national and social development, etc. In the contemporary world of fierce competition, the Middle East countries urgently need reasonable views of the times. They should see clearly the characteristics and the directions of the times, and take appropriate measures. Only in this way can the Middle East countries reach lasting stability, development and prosperity