超声检查在胎盘异常附着中的临床应用进展

Progresses of ultrasonography in placental implantation abnormalities

胎盘异常附着(PIA)主要包括低置或前置胎盘、胎盘植入、血管前置及帆状胎盘。随着近年临床剖宫产率的提高及宫腔操作的增加,PIA的发生亦逐渐增高。产前常规超声检查对孕妇宫颈管长度、胎盘下缘与宫颈内口的距离、胎盘边缘厚度的测量及CEUS对产后胎盘残留等情况的监测,在PIA患者的临床管理中有重要指导意义。如产前超声怀疑PIA或经腹超声难以完全显示胎盘及宫颈管时,可行经阴道超声以显示胎盘情况。本文主要就超声检查对PIA的临床应用进展进行综述。

Placental implantation abnormalities（PIA）include low-lying placenta,placenta previa,placenta accreta,vasa previa and velamentous umbilical cord insertion.With the increasing rates of cesarean section and intrauterine operation,the incidence of PIA also increases.Both of the measurement of cervical length,distance between internal cervical orifice and placental edge,placental edge thickness by conventional ultrasonography and the detection of postpartum placenta residues are helpful for the management of PIA.Transvaginal ultrasonography can display placental edge and cervical length when necessary.This review focused on the progresses of ultrasonography in PIA.