城乡居民教育收益率的差距——一个分阶段的考察

Urban-Rural Differences in Rates of Return to Education:A Phased Study

教育对个人收入分配有着重要影响,本文利用中国居民家庭健康和营养调查数据库(简称CHNS)2011年的微观调查数据,采用Mincer收入模型分别估算我国城镇和农村的教育收益率,对我国城乡居民教育收益率在总体教育收益率和不同教育阶段的收益率差异进行比较研究。研究发现,城镇教育总体收益率高出农村4.2%,在不同的教育阶段,城镇教育收益率均大于农村,并且不论是城镇还是农村,教育收益率均呈现随教育阶段上升而增加的趋势,大专及以上学历的教育回报相比初中、高中和职业学校三类学历的教育回报更高。在实证结论的基础上,提出加大对农村地区和贫困地区以及低收入群体的教育投入等相关政策和建议。

Education plays an important role in personal income distribution. Using the microeconomic survey data of 2011 China Household Health and Nutrition Survey database, this paper estimates the rates of return to education in urban and rural areas based on Mincer Income Model, and compares the differences in overall rates of return to education and in rates of return to education at different educational stages between urban and rural areas. Key findings are summarized as follows： In general, rates of return to education in urban areas are 4.2% higher than in rural areas. At different educational stages, rates of return to education in urban areas are higher than in rural areas. Whether in urban or rural areas, rates of return to education display an ascending trend with the advancement of educational level. In other words, rates of return to education at college level or above tend to be higher than at the levels of junior high school, high school or vocational school. On the basis of the empirical conclusions, the paper puts forward several suggestions, including increasing educational investment in rural and depressed areas and for low-income groups.