自闭症谱系障碍个体共情缺损的产生机制与干预方法

Empathy Deficits in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Mechanisms and Interventions

共情缺损是自闭症谱系障碍个体的核心缺陷与诊断标准之一,尤其表现在观点采择、社会互动、情感表达与识别以及情绪理解等方面。共情缺损对自闭症谱系障碍个体的社会理解、社会交往与融合等技能的掌握存在消极影响。本文梳理了自闭症谱系障碍个体共情缺损产生的生物学机制、脑神经生理学机制,介绍了与自闭症谱系障碍个体共情缺损有关的心理理论、镜像神经元理论、情绪共享理论、共情-系统化理论和极端男性脑理论,并分析和借鉴了"运输车"、情绪认知与理解训练和社会认知与技能训练等共情缺损干预方法,为国内自闭症谱系障碍个体共情障碍的干预与矫正提供一定的参考,以改善自闭症谱系障碍个体的共情缺损,提升其社会认知与技能,促进其社会融合。

Empathy deficits serve as core deficits and a diagnostic criterion for individuals with autism spectrum disorders（ ASD）,especially in perspective-taking,social interactions,emotional expression and recognition,and emotional understanding,and have a negative effect on ASD individuals’ grasp of skills in social understanding,social interactions,and social inclusion. This paper reviews empathy deficits’ mechanisms of biology and brain neruophysiology,introduces related theories including the Theory of Mind,the Mirror Neuron Theory,the ＂Social Sharing of Emotions＂Theory,the Empathizing-Systemizing（ E- S）Theory,and the Extreme Male Brain Theory（ EMBT）,and analyzes such intervention methods as＂transporters＂,emotional cognition and understanding training,and social cognitive and skill training,for the purpose of providing reference for interventions in empathy deficits,improving ASD individuals’ social and cognitive skills,and promoting their social integration.