民间家训传承研究中的方法论探微——以福建民间家训为例

Methodology in the Study of Folk Family Precept Inheritance——A Case Study of Family Precept in Fujian Province

民间家训是我国传统家庭教育平民化的一种特殊形式。它区别于经典家训遗产的主要特点是训主地位平实而训诫影响面小;训诫传承以乡村姓氏宗族为基本单位;训诫内容以经验形态为主而缺乏理论提炼。当前,发掘传统家训家风的时代价值已然成为社会道德建设的基础性需要。在民间家训传承研究中,我们必须注意以下方法论的把握:一是坚持共性与个性的统一,在共性研究中彰显个性;二是坚持内容与形式的统一,在传承优秀家训内容的前提下倡导形式的多样性;三是坚持批判、继承与创新的统一,在扬弃传统民间家训合理内核的基础上实现创造性转化和创新性发展;四是坚持乡土礼俗社会与法理社会的统一,在尊重宗族价值取向的同时引领公民道德水准的提升。

Folk family precept is a special form of popularizing Chinese traditional family education,different from the classical family precept. The classical family precept has the following three main features： patriarch＇s solid status and limited influence on common people with its basic unit of inheritance based on surnames and clans of villages; its content mainly from experience and lack of theoretical refinement. At present,exploring the value of times of the traditional folk family precept has become the basic needs for the social moral construction. In the research of the folk family precept inheritance,priorities should be given to the following aspects of its methodology： first,sticking to the unity of commonness and uniqueness,and demonstrating uniqueness in studying commonness; second,adhering to the unity of content and form,advocating various forms on the premise that the contents of excellent family precept are passed down; third,insisting on the unity of criticism,inheritance and innovation,and achieving creative transformation and development on the basis of sublating the unreasonal cores and carrying on the reasonable ones; fourth,persisting in the unity of society of local etiquette and custom（ gemeinschaft in German） and legal society（ gesellschaft in German）,and promoting citizens＇ moral level while respecting clans＇ value orientation.