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肺豚鼠耳炎诺卡菌病1例 被引量:4

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摘要 1临床资料 患者,女,73岁,因间断性咳嗽、咯痰、喘息40余年,加重3年,发热20 d于2015年11月19日入住北京朝阳医院呼吸内科。曾于外院诊断慢性阻塞性肺疾病( chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)和支气管哮喘,平素规律吸入沙美特罗/氟替卡松( salmeterol/fluticasone)和沙丁胺醇( salbutamol ),喘息加重时吸入噻托溴铵( tiotropium bromide)。20 d前受凉后出现发热,体温最高38.5℃,咯嗽、咯痰、喘息加重,咳黄痰。17 d前于当地医院静脉输注左氧氟沙星( levofloxacin )、哌拉西林/舒巴坦( piperacillin and sulbactam)3 d后体温正常。13 d前出现高热,体温最高40.0℃,喘息加重,黄痰增多,抗生素调整为美罗培南( meropenem)、异帕米星( isepamicin),患者仍有发热,体温在38.5℃~39.0℃间波动,遂入我院。既往史:丙型病毒性肝炎、高血压、糖尿病,血糖控制不佳。入院查体:神志清,精神差,呼吸稍促,口唇无发绀,桶状胸,双肺呼吸音粗,双肺可及干湿啰音;心率98次/min,心律齐,未及病理性杂音;腹软,无压痛、反跳痛;双下肢凹陷性水肿。入院化验结果如下。血常规:白细胞( white blood cell,WBC)21.5×109/L,中性粒细胞百分比85.8%。红细胞沉降率( erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR )60 mm/h, C 反应蛋白( C reactive protein, CRP )69 mg/L,降钙素原( procalcitonin, PCT )0.10μg/L。肝肾功能:丙氨酸氨基转移酶( alanine aminotransferase,ALT )18.0 U/L,天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶( aspartate aminotransferase, AST )18.0 U/L,血清白蛋白( albumin, Alb )26.0 g/L,空腹血糖9.62 mmol/L,钾3.03 mmol/L,钠125.9 mmol/L,氯82.4 mmol/L,血肌酐(serum creatinine,SCr)45.0μmol/L。抗核抗体谱:抗核抗体( antinuclear antibody,ANA)核点+浆颗粒1∶100,余阴性;抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体( antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, ANCA)阴性。3-β-D葡聚糖检测( G试验)、半乳糖甘露醇聚糖抗原检测( GM试验)阴性。痰培养初为阴性。多次血培养阴性。胸部CT(2015年11月30日):双肺胸膜下可见多发团块状或结节样致密影并可见沿支气管血管束走行的多发粟粒灶,右肺上叶、左舌叶支气管囊柱状扩张,支气管壁增厚(图1)。入院初步诊断:肺部阴影、肺炎、COPD急性加重、支气管哮喘、慢性肺源性心脏病、心功能不全、高血压2级(高危组)、2型糖尿病。先后给予万古霉素( vancomycin)联合莫西沙星( moxifloxacin)、利奈唑胺( linezolid)、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦( cefoperazone/sulbactam)联合莫西沙星、亚胺培南/西司他丁钠(imipenem/cilastatin sodium)联合米诺环素(minocycline)、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦联合米诺环素抗感染治疗,患者体温仍有反复,咳嗽、咯黄白痰。胸部CT (2015年12月11日):考虑肺内炎性感染性病变较前部分吸收,右肺中叶实性结节内可见空洞形成(图2)。建议行CT引导下肺穿刺进一步明确阴影性质,患者拒绝。由于广谱抗生素治疗效果不佳,同时ANA水平升高,不能除外自身免疫性疾病,在患者拒绝有创检查的情况下,尝试糖皮质激素治疗,患者症状无缓解。痰涂片(2015年12月22日):革兰染色阳性分枝杆菌(图3)、改良抗酸阳性分枝杆菌(图4),核酸测序鉴定为豚鼠耳炎诺卡菌。治疗方案调整为复方磺胺甲唑( compound sulfamethoxazole)及替加环素( tigecycline )抗感染,治疗2 d后患者体温逐渐下降至正常,咳嗽、咯痰喘息较前好转。2015年12月31日患者出院,门诊随访复查胸部 CT 较前改善。
作者 杨柳 马迎民
出处 《中华老年多器官疾病杂志》 2016年第9期697-699,共3页 Chinese Journal of Multiple Organ Diseases in the Elderly
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参考文献11

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