灌水对不同品种玉米产量和水分利用的影响

Effects of Irrigation Schedules on Yields and Water Utilizations of Different Maize Species

选用甘肃武威市黄羊镇天祝移民点主推的6个品种,研究不同品种玉米对不同灌溉制度(蒙头水;蒙头水+拔节水;蒙头水+拔节水+灌浆水)的响应。结果表明:玉米灌浆期水分消耗主要分布在20~40cm土层;不同品种玉米耗水量以‘中单909’最高(434mm),‘登海605’(411mm)次之,‘郑单958’(352mm)最低。低灌水‘浚单20’和高灌水‘先玉335’的水分利用效率较高,分别为29和28.9kg/(hm^2·mm),中灌水‘郑单958’和高、中灌水‘登海605’次之,分别为28.2和27.8kg/(hm^2·mm),低灌水‘中单909’的最低,为22kg/(hm^2·mm);高灌水‘登海605’和‘先玉335’的产量分别为12.0和11.4t/hm^2,分别较低灌水处理增产13.0%和14.2%;而‘郑单958’和‘浚单20’高灌水处理的产量分别为10.1和10.2t/hm2,与低灌水处理差异不显著。因此,在甘肃武威市黄羊镇天祝移民点,‘登海605’和‘先玉335’灌蒙头水+拔节水+灌浆水可以获得高产,‘郑单958’和‘浚单20’仅灌蒙头水即可稳产。

A field experiment with three treatments of different irrigation times at different stages was conducted during maize growing period at huangyang town, Wuwei, Gansu province. Six maize species were used to evaluate the effects of irrigation schedules. The results showed that, at filling stage, the maximum water consumption occurred in 20- 40 cm soil layers. The water consumption of ＇Zhongdan909＇was the maximum （434 mm）, followed by＇Denghai605＇ （411 mm）, while the minimum occoured for＇Zhengdan958＇ （352 mm）. The effects of different maize species on yields and water use efficiencies （WUE） changed with irrigation times. Both ＇Jundan20＇ with once irrigation and ＇Xianyu335＇with three times irrigation had higher WUE, which were 29 kg/（hm^2· mm） and 28. 9 kg/（hm^2· mm）, respectively, followed by＇ Zhengdan958＇ with twice irrigation and＇ Denghai605 ＇ with three times irrigation, with the WUE of 28.2 kg/（hm^2· mm） and 27.8 kg/（hm^2· mm）, respectively; the WUE for＇Zhongdan909＇ with once irrigation was the minimum[22 kg/（hm^2· mm）]. The yields of＇ Denghai605＇ and ＇Xianyu335＇ with three times irrigation were 12.0 and 11.4 t/hm^2, respectively, which were 13.0% and 14.2% higher than their corresponding lower irrigation treatments, respectively. However, ＇Zhengdan958＇and＇Jundan20＇with three times irrigation had the lowest yields： 10.1 and 10.2 t/hm^2 , respectively. There were no significant differences between different irrigation times. Therefore, ＇Denghai605＇ and＇Xianyu335＇ with three times irrigation could achieve higher yields, while＇Zhengdan958＇and＇Jundan20＇ with once irrigation could achieve stable yields in this regeion.