农村社区发展、社会工作介入与整合性治理——兼论我国农村社会工作的范式转向

Rural Community Development,Social Work Intervention and Integrated Governance:The Paradigm Shift of Rural Social Work in China

社会工作日益成为农村社区治理创新的一个重要命题。检视我国农村社会工作实践和研究的主要经验,发现社会工作介入农村社区治理正在呈现出三重转向:在服务领域上,体现为从聚焦单一对象到关注农村社区整体性发展的转向;在介入机制上,体现了从单向植入到双重嵌入的机制演变;在实践动力上,体现出从扶贫脱贫向共享发展的转变。农村社会工作实践与研究体现出的上述转向,是当前社会结构深刻转型的必然产物,体现出一种"结构—行动"的二元化逻辑,导致不同转向内部普遍存在着断裂现象。在此基础上,本文尝试从主体整合、机制整合以及行动实践整合"三位一体"构建一种新型的整合性治理框架,以作为纵深推进农村社会工作发展的新范式。

Examining the main experience of rural social work practice and research, triple shifts are emerging in the social work intervention of rural community governance：in the service areas,from focusing on the single object to the holistic development;in the intervention mechanism,it embodies the shift from unidirectional insertion to double embeddness;in the practical motivation,it presents shift from poverty alleviation and anti-poverty to shared development. These aforementioned transformations are the inevitable outcomes of the profound transformation of the current social structure,which embody the dual logic of＂structure-action＂and consequently generate rife fragmentations in the internal transformation. On this basis,this paper attempts to construct a new pattern of holistic governance framework from a ＂Trinity＂of holistic subject,mechanism and practice,as a new paradigm to promote further the development of rural social work.