游憩活动对王朗自然保护区土壤环境的影响

Impacts of Tourists' Recreational Activities on Soil in Wang Lang National Nature Reserve

土壤是自然环境的重要构成要素,是游憩活动冲击的主要对象.选择王朗自然保护区内5个具有代表性的区域进行了土壤调查,测定了土壤含水量、容重、p H值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾、速效钾.在实验室分析的基础上,运用土壤环境单因子变化率（SCR）和土壤影响综合指数法（SII）,分析了游憩活动对王朗自然保护区土壤生态环境的影响.研究结果显示：游憩活动增加了土壤容重、p H值及全钾含量,降低了土壤含水量、有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量.相关性分析表明,游憩活动与土壤含水量、有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量存在显著的正相关性（P〈0.05）,与土壤容重和p H值显著负相关（P〈0.05）,但与全钾无显著相关性（P〉0.05）.游憩活动对土壤的显著影响范围至少达到了游道外2 m区域,且越靠近游道,土壤所受的影响越大.游憩活动后,0~20 cm、20~40 cm及40~60 cm层的土壤理化性质均有所变化,其中0~20 cm层土壤变化最为明显.土壤影响综合指数（SII）由高到低依次是景区大门（4.06）、牧羊场（2.93）、甘海子（3.20）、涅磐石（2.25）、白沙沟原始森林（1.74）.总的来说,目前游憩活动已经对王朗自然保护区土壤环境产生了一定的负面影响.

Soil is an important part in physical environment and also a main target impacted by tourists＇ recreation. In order to understand the impact of tourists＇ recreational activities on soil, sample method was used to study the soil in five typical areas in Wang Lang national nature reserve, and water content（WC）, bulk density（BD）, pH value, organic matter（OM）, total nitrogen （TN）, available nitrogen（AN）, total phos- phorus（TP）, available phosphorus（AP）, total potassium（TK） and available potassium（AK） were all deter- mined. Based on laboratory analysis, this paper did a research on the level of soil environmental responses to the impacts of tourists＇ recreational activities in the nature reserve by studying the soil single factor change rate （SCR） and the soil impact indexes （SII）. The research results indicated that the disturbance of tourists＇ recreational activities increased the soil BD, pH value and TK, but reduced the soil WC, OM, TN, TP, AN, AP and AK. At the same time, the correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations among tourists＇ disturbance, WC, OM, TN, AN, TP, AP and AK （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and significant negative correlations between BD and pH value（P 〈 0.05） ,but there was no correlation with TK in the soil （P〉 0.05）.The impacted areas extended to 2 meters away from the trail at least, and the nearer to the trails, the worse the soil was. The soil physio-chemical properties were changed after tourists＇ disturbance in soil depths of 0 - 20 cm, 20 - 40 cm and 40 - 60 cm, especially for those on the scale of 0 - 20 cm. The soil environmental responses indexes （SII） decreased from that of the scenic entrance （4.06）, to the Mu Yang Chang（2.93）, Gan Hal Zi （3.20）, Nie Pan Shi（2.25） to that of Bai Sha Gou forest （1.74）. All the results showed that the increasing tourists＇ recreational aeitivities had some negative impacts on the soil of Wang Lang national nature reserve.