p16、p53及p63在口腔鳞癌及癌前病变组织中的表达

The expression of p16,p53 and p63 in oral carcinoma and precancerous lesions tissues

目的检测p16、p53及其家族成员p63在口腔鳞癌及癌前病变组织中的表达,探讨其在口腔癌演变过程中的表达趋势和关系。方法采用免疫组织化学二步法检测10例正常口腔黏膜、20例鳞状上皮异型增生、45例口腔鳞癌组织中p16、p53、p63蛋白表达情况。另取60例口腔鳞癌组织标本,检测p16、p53和p63的表达,分析其与临床病理学因素的关系。结果 p16在正常口腔黏膜、异型增生、口腔癌中的表达率分别为100%(10/10)、70%(14/20)、56%(18/45),p53的表达率分别为0%(0/10)、55%(11/20)、82.2%(37/45),p63分别为10%(1/10)、65%(13/20)、84.8%(39/45)。p16在正常口腔黏膜中的阳性表达率显著高于口腔鳞癌,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);p53、p63在口腔鳞癌中的阳性表达率显著高于正常黏膜,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随口腔鳞癌组织分化程度的降低,p16表达阳性率降低(P<0.05),p53和p63表达阳性率增高(P<0.05)。p53和p63的表达具有正相关关系(r=0.299,P<0.05)。结论 P16、P53、P63的蛋白表达变化与口腔黏膜上皮癌变关系密切,p53、p63基因突变和p16表达缺失存在于口腔癌演变过程中,可能成为口腔上皮异型增生和癌变的生物学标志。

Objective To explor the expression of the p16, p53 and its family member P63 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions tissues. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein levels of p16,p53 and p63 in 10 cases of normal oral mueosa,20 cases of squamous epithelial hyperplasia and 45 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues. Another 60 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues were used to measure the different expression of p16, p53 and 1963, and to analyze the correlation with clinical pathology. Results The positive rate of p16 was 100% in normal mucosa,whereas 70% （14/20） and 56% （18/45） in dysplasia and oral carcinoma,respectively. The rate of p53 in thus tissues were 0% （0/10） ~55% （11/20） ,82.2% （37/45） ; 1963 were 10% （1/10） ,65% （13/20） ,84.8% （39/45）. The positive expression rate of p16 in normal mucosa was significantly higher than carcinoma tissues （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Th expression of p53 and p63 in oral carcinoma tissues were both significantly higher than normal mucosa tissues（ P 〈 0.05 ）. The expression of p16 decreased（ P 〈 0.05 ） , the epxreesin of p53 and p63 increased（ P 〈 0.05 ） when the decrease of oral carcinoma differentiation level. The expressin of p53 was positively correlated to p63 （ r = 0. 299, P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The protein levels of pl 6, p53 and p63 have a closely correlation with the oral mucosal epithelial cancerization. The gene mutation of p53, p63 and low expression of p16 in oral carcinoma evolution could be considered to be a biological markers for the dysplasia and cancerization of oral mucosal epithelium.