群众教育价值取向的历史考察——以陕甘宁边区社会教育为起点

A Historical Review of Value Orientation of Education for the Masses——Beginning with Social Education in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Area

基于价值取向视角考察群众教育活动可以发现,在陕甘宁边区社会教育中,目的性价值取向不足,工具性价值取向显现;建国后到文革的群众教育主要通过群众运动进行,其特点在于目的性价值取向逐渐泯灭,工具性价值取向横行;文革后至今的群众教育呈现出工具性价值取向消退,目的性价值取向回归的特征。这一历史考察启示我们,持工具性价值取向,群众教育就会流于形式,甚至带来灾难;必须坚持目的性价值取向,以群众全面而自由发展为目标,方能取得教育实效,展现教育功能与价值。

A historical review of value orientation of education for the masses reveals that purpose-orientated values were not taken seriously in social education in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area while instrumentality-orientated values were very overfly stressed; education for the masses was implemented mainly through masses＇ campaign from the foundation of the People＇s Republic of China to the Cultural Revolution and its purpose-orientated values gradually disappeared and the instrumentality-orientated values spread through the whole country; from the Cultural Revolution till now the masses＇ education has been characterized by disappearance of instrumentality-orientated values and return of purpose-orientated values. The historical review shows us that ff we hold instrumentality-orientated values, education for the masses will become a mere formality and even bring about disaster. We must stick to purpose-orientated values and aim at the masses＇ comprehensive and free development. Only in this way can we achieve desirable results in education and demonstrate the function and value of education.