2010-2014年成都市龙泉驿区5岁以下儿童死亡情况调查分析

Death Status of Children under Five in Chengdu Longquanyi District from 2010 to 2014

目的：调查2010-2014年成都市龙泉驿区5岁以下儿童的死亡情况。方法：调取2010-2014年成都市龙泉驿区5岁以下儿童的死亡情况监测数据资料,分别统计早期新生儿（0~7 d）、新生儿（0~28 d）、婴儿（0~1岁）、5岁以下儿童（0~5岁）的病死率,分析死因。结果：2010-2014年龙泉驿区活产婴儿总数28 634例,5岁以下儿童共死亡200例。病死率呈下降趋势,其中,总体病死率由2010年的9.32‰下降至2014年的5.63‰,婴儿病死率由2010年的5.27‰下降至2014年的1.98‰,新生儿病死率由2010年的7.50‰下降至2014年的3.65‰,早期新生儿病死率由2010年的3.65‰下降至2014年的1.67‰。死因依次为早产或低出生体质量、意外事故（跌落、窒息、溺水）、先天性心脏病、细菌性败血症、出生时窒息、血液免疫疾病、产期呼吸道疾病、先天性畸形、其他（包括诊断不明）。与2010年相比,2014年出生时窒息、细菌性败血症、意外事故构成比均下降（P均〈0.05）。结论：2010-2014年成都市龙泉驿区5岁以下儿童病死率呈下降趋势,早产或低出生体质量、先天遗传性疾病等是主要死因,应加强防治措施,以进一步降低婴儿病死率。

Objective： To investigate the death status of children under five in Longquanyi district from 2010 to 2014. Methods： All children under 5 years old in Longquanyi district from 2010 to 2014 were calculated in this study. Data were collected including overall mortality, infant mortality, neonatal mortality and postnatal mortality and the main causes of death in 7 days. Results： In Longquanyi district from 2010 to 2014, live births were 28 634 cases, 200 children under the age of five died. The overall mortality was on the decline, from 9. 32%o in 2010 dropped to 5.63%0 in 2014, infant case mortality from 5.27%0 in 2010 dropped to 1.98%0 ~n 2014, neonatal case mortality from 7. 50%~ in 2010 dropped to 3.65%,~ in 2014, early neonatal mortality from 3. 65%,~ in 2010 dropped to 1.67%0 in 2014. The causes of death were premature birth, low birth body mass, accident （tumble, choking, drowning）, congenital heart disease, bacterial sepsis, birth asphyxia, blood immune disease, respiratory disease, congenital malformation, other disease （including diagnosis unknown ）. Compared with 2010, the constituent ratios of birth asphyxia, bacterial sepsis and accident were decreased in 2014 （P〈0. 05 ）. Conclusion： In Longquanyi district of Chengdu from 2010 to 2014, mortality in under-five children is on the decline, premature birth or low birth body mass, congenital genetic disease are the main causes of death, we should strengthen the prevention and control measures, in order to further reduce infant mortality.