雷山杜鹃群落特征及其物种多样性分析

The community characteristics and species diversity of Rhododendron leishanicum

为保护雷山杜鹃这一贵州特有野生杜鹃种,调查了雷山杜鹃野生资源及生境状况,并对其群落基本特征和物种多样性进行分析。结果表明,雷山杜鹃分布范围狭窄,仅集中分布在雷公山上部海拔2 155 m左右的区域,仅有1个雷山杜鹃群落,且林下仅见一、二年生幼苗;雷山杜鹃群落由多种生活型植物组成,其中以高位芽植物占优势,垂直结构以雷山杜鹃为主的乔木层占优势,主要灌木和草本植物均呈斑块状镶嵌;雷山杜鹃群落多样性特征表现为:Pielou指数,草本层>灌木层>乔木层;Shannon-Wiener指数,草本层>灌木层>乔木层;Simpson指数,乔木层>草本层>灌木层,根据以上数值可知雷山杜鹃群落草本层的物种最为丰富,分布更为均匀,乔木层与草本层的优势种非常明显。

In order to protect Rhododendron leishanicum,which is endemic to Guizhou,we investigated the wild resources and the habitat condition of Rh. leishanicum,and analyzed its community characteristics and species diversity. The results are as follows： the distribution range of Rh. leishanicum is narrow,concentrating on the upper Leigong Mountain at an elevation of about 2 155 m,and forming one single community with only annual and biennial seedling in the forest. The community of Rh. leishanicum is made up of plants of different lifestyles,in which phanerophytes are dominant. Vertically,the tree layer（ mainly Rh. Leishanicum） is dominant,and shrubs and herbs are in patches and mosaic. The community＇s diversity can be shown as： Pielou index： herb layer shrub layer tree layer; Shannon-Wiener index： herb layer shrub layer tree layer; Simpson index： tree layer herb layer shrub layer. From these indexes,we can conclude that the herb layer of the Rhododendron leishanicum community has the most abundant species,and the dominant species of the tree layer and the herb layer are very obvious.