中古两淮盐业历史演进论

New Discussion of Lianghuai Salt Industry's Boom and Bust in Ancient China

春秋战国时期吴、越、楚等国都曾在两淮地区经营盐业,秦汉时期两淮盐业得到集权政府的重视,尤其东汉郡县直接管理的民营官税更是刺激了两淮盐业的发展。魏晋南北朝时期两淮盐业经济始终在连年战火中求得生存,而隋朝至唐初一百多年的无税制,使得两淮盐业经济相对突飞猛进,后经第五琦和刘晏的盐法改革,两淮盐业已经成为帝国赋税收入的重要来源。宋元时期两淮盐业虽受战乱影响,但由于统治阶级的重视以及生产技术的进步,两淮盐业生产规模较之从前有较大提高。明清政府沿袭元朝设立的两淮都转运使司,并实施开元法、票盐制、纲盐法等改革政策,两淮盐业生产达到鼎峰。

During the spring Autumn period and Warring States period Wu, Yue, Chu and other countries began running salt businesss in Lianghuai area of salt business. Iin Qin and Han Dynasty Lianghuai salt have been got attention of the authoritarian government, especially the Eastern Han Dynasty, the direct management of the countie＇s private official taxes stimulated the development of Lianghuai salt. Wei, Jin and southern-Northern Dynasties Lianghuai salt economy always survive in the years of war, and Sui Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty more than 100 years,no tax system making Lianghuai salt economy relatively rapid. Not only that,through salt reform of Diwu-Qi and Liu-yan, Lianghuai salt has become an important source of tax revenues of the Empire. In the song and Yuan Dynasties Lianghuai salt, although affected by the impact of the war, but due to the much emphasis of ruling class and the production of technological progress, Lianghuai salt production greatly improved. The governments of the Ming and Qing Dynasties followed established Lianghuai Salt Transportation Department in Yuan Dynasty, and the implementation of the reform policy of Kaiyuan, ticket salt system, gang salt method, Lianghuai salt production reached the peak.