类型学视野下汉韩语介词相关语序与选择动因——以汉语“在+NP”及其韩语对应形式为中心

The Related Word Order and Motivation of Choice of Chinese and Korean Prepositions from the Perspective of Typology—the Chinese “ 在+NP” and its Corresponding Forms in Korean

本文运用语序类型学、认知语言学等相关理论,以汉语"在+NP"及其韩语对应形式为中心,对汉韩语介词相关语序、选择动因等问题进行了细致的考察和说明。本文认为类型学关注的介词相关语序中,汉韩二语在介词短语内部都基本保持了与各自语言基本语序的和谐,体现了语言表达的经济性原则。但在句法层次上,韩语受限于动词强制居尾的句法结构特点,在距离象似原则的支配下,与VP形成和谐组配;而句法化程度较低的汉语则因为距离象似与时间象似性原则的竞争与妥协,以及介词语法化、动补结构发达等因素的共同作用,不仅大量派生介词框式结构,介词短语语序也呈现比韩语复杂的局面。

From the perspective of word order typology and cognitive linguistics, this paper has focused on the Chinese ＂ 在 ＋NP ＂ and its corresponding forms in Korean, elaborating on the related word order and motivation of choice of Chinese and Korean prepositions. This paper proposes that the word order inside the prepositional phrases of both Chinese and Korean are aligned with their basic word order, which embodies the economy principle of language. But on syntactic level, restricted by the characteristic of mandatory ending of verbs in Korean syntactic structure, prepositional phrases form a harmonious pair with VP under the dominance of distance iconicity principle. However, in Chinese, there are a large number of circumpositions and the word order of prepositional phrases is also more complex than in Korean, due to the lower degree of syntacticalization and the competition and compromise between the principle of distance iconicity and the principle of temporal sequence（PTS）, together with the combined effect of various factors including grammaticalization of preposition and verb-complement structure.