以赛亚·伯林与俄罗斯文化

Isaiah Berlin and Russian Culture

20世纪俄罗斯的政治灾难,使得以赛亚·伯林格外强调"消极自由",但俄罗斯文化对他的思想还有着更为复杂的影响。俄罗斯特殊的智性传统引导他进入了观念史研究领域;而面对多元价值与一元诉求间的冲突,19世纪俄国思想家做出的不同选择为伯林阐释和发挥自己的悲剧性价值多元论提供了最佳例证。他将这些思想家区分为"狐狸"与"刺猬",并充分移情于以富有现实感的赫尔岑为代表的"狐狸"。然而,对俄国保守派思想家的过度轻视也暴露出他的某种"刺猬性"。

Due to the political catastrophe in Russia in the 20th century, Isaiah Berlin particularly stressed ＂negative liberty＂, but meanwhile, the Russian culture had more complex effects on his thoughts. Russian special intellectual tradition led him into the field of history of concepts; while facing conflicts between pluralistic values and monistic demands, different choices, made by Russian thinkers in the 19th century, provided the best examples for Berlin to interpretate and give play to his own tragic value pluralism. He divided these thinkers into ＂foxes＂ and ＂hedgehogs＂ and fully empathized with ＂foxes＂ represented by Herzen, who cared about reality. Nevertheless, his excessive contempt towards Russian conservative thinkers also suggested his characteristics like ＂hedgehogs＂.