小麦成熟胚高效再生基因型筛选及愈伤组织生理特性评价

Evaluation of Regeneration and Physiological Characteristics of Callus from Mature Embryo of Wheat

为了提高小麦组织培养效率,筛选可用于遗传转化的小麦高效再生基因型,通过比较56个小麦品种(系)成熟胚组织培养的出愈率、胚性愈伤率、褐化率、分化率、实际成苗率和单位数量成熟胚的理论成苗率,对其组培能力进行了鉴定,并研究了成熟胚愈伤组织形成过程中部分生理性状的变化情况。结果表明,筛选出了XNCW2、鲁麦14、宝丰228、XNCW4、徐州856、陕150、XNSQ42、XNSQ29、XNSQ04和新麦11共10个具有高频再生能力的小麦品种(系),实际成苗率均在20%以上,单位数量成熟胚的理论成苗率在5%以上。不同基因型小麦成熟胚的出愈率、胚性愈伤率、分化率、实际成苗率和单位数量成熟胚的理论成苗率的变异系数分别为14.94%、73.95%、84.89%、109.47%和156.54%,说明组织培养从脱分化到成苗的过程中对小麦基因型的依赖性逐渐增强。愈伤组织的SOD活性与胚性愈伤率和成苗率显著正相关,表明SOD活性较强的愈伤组织再生能力较强;可溶性蛋白含量与褐化率极显著正相关,表明可溶性蛋白含量更高的愈伤组织再生能力较弱。

To screen wheat genotypes for better tissue culture using mature embryo, mature embryos of 56 wheat cultivars were scraped and used as explants for regeneration capacity analysis by comparing callus rate, embryogenic callus rate, browning rate, differentiation rate, actual seedling rate, and theoretical seedling rate. The physiological characteristics of embryonic callus were also evaluated. The results showed wheat genotypes including XNCW2, Lumai 14, Baofeng 228, XNCW4, Xuzhou 856, Shaan 150, XNSQ42, XNSQ29,XNSQ04,and Xinmai 11 have high regeneration frequency with the actual seedling rate above 20% and theoretical seedling rate above 5%. The coefficient variation of callus rate, embryogenic callus rate, differentiation rate, actual seedling rate, and theoretical seedling rate were 14.94%, 73.95%, 84.89%, 109.47%, and 156.54%, respectively, which means wheat genotype plays an increasingly important role in tissue culture from dedifferentiation to seedling formation. High superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity is probably positive for embryogenic callus forma tion and differentiation because SOD activity of callus was significantly positive correlated with embry ogenic callus rate and seedling rate. However, callus with more soluble protein has weaker regenera tion abitity, because soluble protein content is positively correlated with browning rate.