河南省冬小麦田杂草组成及群落特征

Species Composition and Characterization of Weed Community in Winter Wheat Fields in Henan Province

为明确河南省冬小麦田间杂草组成及群落结构,采用倒置"W"型九点取样法对河南省冬小麦田杂草进行了调查。结果表明,河南省冬小麦田杂草共有66种,隶属于22科,57属,其中菊科、禾本科和十字花科杂草种类较多,分别有13、10、9种。优势杂草有猪殃殃、荠菜、播娘蒿、野燕麦、泽漆和波斯婆婆纳共6种;区域性优势杂草有看麦娘、刺儿菜、打碗花、野芥菜、麦瓶草、稻槎菜、繁缕和节节麦共8种。此外还有常见杂草19种和一般性杂草33种。从杂草区域分布来看,河南省6个区域中,豫中南平原区物种丰富度最高,为45种,豫中南平原区和豫西丘陵区的物种多样性最高,而豫北平原区和豫南平原区的Simpson优势度指数最高。经聚类分析,河南省6个区域小麦田杂草群落可分为4组:豫东平原区、豫西南平原区和豫中南平原区杂草群落聚为一组;其他3个区域冬小麦田杂草群落结构各有特点,均自成一组。

Weed survey was conducted by sampling methods of inverted W-pattern to determine the species composition and structure of weed communities in wheat fields in Henan province. The results showed that 66 weed species belonging to 22 families and 57 genera were found. Among them, six species were considered as dominant weeds, including Galium aparine, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Descurainia sophia, Arena f atua , Euphorbia helioscopia and Veronica persica , while eight species were regional dominant weeds, including Alopecurus aequalis, Cirsium setosum, Calystegin hederacea, Raphanus raphanistrum, Silene conoidea, Lapsana apogonoides, Stellaria media and Aegilops squarrosa. Additionally, 19 common weed species and 33 normal weed species were investigated. Weeds in plain regions in middle-southern Henan possessed most species richness of 45, and high Shannon-Wiener index in middle-southern and western Henan, and highest Simpson dominance index in plain regions in northern and southern Henan. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that weeds in Henan province were classified into 4 groups： plain regions in eastern Henan, plain regions in southwestern Henan and plain regions in middle-southern Henan with similar weed species in one group, the other three hilly regions in western Henan, plain regions in northern Henan and plain regions in southern Henan were separated individually into three groups.