玉米品质相关的opaque基因研究进展

Research Progress on opaque Genes of Maize Quality

玉米中的opaque突变体改变了胚乳的蛋白特性,导致胚乳表现柔软且不透明的粉质状。粉质胚乳的高赖氨酸营养特性引起人们的极大关注,研究人员先后发现了13个opaque胚乳突变体,只有o2的分子机理研究较为清楚,对提高赖氨酸含量的作用最大。为了研究胚乳中储藏物质合成、装配、转运的调控机理,从而将这些有益突变基因应用于农业生产,研究人员继而发现了多个胚乳修饰的主效位点及基因(Opm)。本文综述玉米opaque突变体及相关基因的研究进展,对当前育种中利用该类基因培育优质蛋白玉米(QPM)的研究状况进行分析,为高赖氨酸玉米的分子标记辅助选择(MAS)和基因聚合育种提供参考。

The opaque mutants in maize appear starchy endosperm with opaque phenotypic defect, resulting from the changed characteristics of the endosperm protein. Although researchers who had found 13 different opaque mutations, since the high nutritional properties of starchy endosperm had gained more and more concerns, only the molecular mechanism of o2 was revealed more clearly, accounting for the greatest contribution to the improvement of lysine. In order to study clearly the synthesis, assembly, transport mechanism of the endosperm storage protein, so as to apply these beneficial mutator to agricultural production, researchers discovered multiple o2 modifier loci （Opm）. The research progress of maize opaque mutants and related genes are summarized in the paper, the utilization of the mutator in quality protein maize（QPM） research was further analyzed, in order to offer the reference for marker-assisted selection（MAS） of QPM and gene pyramiding breeding.