氮肥用量对吉林省玉米产量和氮肥利用效率的影响

Effects of N Fertilizer Rate on Maize Yield and N Use Efficiencies in Jilin Province

选取2005~2013年吉林省"3414"田间试验中的氮肥用量处理,研究施氮水平对玉米产量和氮肥利用效率的影响,明确不同生态区之间的差异。结果表明,不施氮条件下吉林省玉米的平均产量为7 596 kg/hm^2。氮肥施用显著提高玉米产量,以适宜施氮量(N3)处理表现最好,产量最高达9 967 kg/hm^2,较不施氮(N1)处理平均增产2 371 kg/hm^2。玉米的氮肥农学利用率和偏生产力均以适宜施氮量的1/2(N2)处理最高,随施氮量增加氮肥利用效率均逐渐降低。不同生态区显著影响玉米的增产效果和氮肥利用效率,吉林省中部半湿润平原区的产量水平最高,东部湿润山区次之,西部半干旱平原区最低。施氮增产量和农学利用率以东部地区显著高于中、西部地区,偏生产力以东部地区最高而西部地区最低。

The N fertilizer rate treatments in the＂3414＂maize field experiments that conducted in Jilin province during 2005-2013 were collected, aiming to evaluate the effects of N fertilizer rate on maize yield and N fertilizer use efficiencies in Jilin province, and compare the differences among various ecological zones. The results showed that the average grain yield in the current maize production of Jilin province was 7 596 kg/ha, when no N fertilizer was applied. N fertilizer application increased significantly maize yield, of which, N3 treatment obtained the highest grain yield of 9 967 kg/ha. The agronomic efficiency（AE） and partial factor productivity（PFP） of N fertilizer declined with increasing N fertilizer rate, and the highest values were both observed in N2 treatment. Besides of N fertilizer rate, maize yield responses and N fertilizer use efficiencies were also affected by ecological zone. Of which,the highest maize yield were observed in the Central semi-humid plain area（CSPA）, followed by Eastern humid mountainous area（EHMA）, and that in Western semi-arid plain area（WSPA） was relatively lower. The yield increase and AE of N fertilizer were significantly higher in EHMA than those in CSPA and WSPA, while PFP was the highest in EHMA and lowest in WSPA.