现代性与夏威夷传统社会变革--对卡梅哈梅哈一世时代的历史考察

Modernity and Changes of Hawaiian Traditional Society:A Historical Study of the Kamehameha Ⅰ Era

在夏威夷这样一个传统型社会中,现代性因何和如何发生,是一个饶有兴味的历史问题。文章尝试由史实出发,从经济、观念、社会文化、政治、宗教等多角度,对夏威夷社会的现代性孕育问题进行剖析。1819年之前的三十余年,是夏威夷王国孕育社会大变革的时期。在外来资本力量的强势冲击下,夏威夷社会发生悄然改变:经济上发展起以对外贸易为中心的初级商品经济,社会观念、文化和风俗习惯发生向西方价值表现的转向,政治上创建起具有欧洲近代特征的中央集权的封建君主专制,萌生了具有一定现代特征的国家和主权意识,现代性初步孕育滋生。传统宗教和禁忌体系却依然从根本上规范并禁锢着社会结构的方方面面,夏威夷社会的结构性变革已迫在眉睫。

This article attempts to start from the perspective of the relationship between tradition and modernity, through the exploration of material, ideal, cultural, political and other aspects, to analyze the breeding of modernity in Hawaiian society. In more than 30 years before 1819 in Hawaii,which called the Kamehameha I Era,the social changes was in brewing. Under the strong impact of the power of the capital, Hawaiian society changes quietly. Some key elements of modernity appeared, such as the appearance of primary commodity economy, the steering to western values and its performance of social ideas, culture and customs, and the creating of a centralized feudal monarchy with modern European characteristics. The traditional religion and taboo system, however, were still fundamentally specifying and confining every aspect of the whole social structure. The structural change of Hawaiian society was imminent.