多媒体学习中学习者控制的专长反转效应

Expertise Reversal Effect of Leaner Control in Multimedia Learning

多媒体学习中的学习者控制是否会对学习效果产生积极影响似乎受到学习者的知识水平和学习者控制类型的影响.两组不同知识水平的学习者分别采用4种不同学习者控制类型进行学习,并对学习之后的记忆和迁移成绩进行测量.实验结果表明,不同学习者控制类型条件下的学习效果受到学习者知识水平的影响,即存在知识反转效应.信息传递和表征方式控制对于低知识水平学习者来说,能够提高其记忆成绩.内容控制作为一种高水平控制方式,对已有一定知识的学习者来说,会促进迁移成绩的改善.

Both learners＇ prior knowledge and control forms may have some influences on the effectiveness of learner control. Two groups of learners with different prior knowledge use four different forms of learner control to study respectively, and then have a memory and transfer test. The results show that the learning performances under different learner control forms are influenced by learners＇ prior knowledge, that is expertise reversal effect. Information delivery and representational forms have positive effect on memory test for novice learners, while content control can promote transfer performance of learners with higher levels of knowledge.