土壤重金属复合污染对茄果类蔬菜的影响研究

Influence of Combined Heavy Metal Pollution on Solanaceous Vegetables

通过盆栽试验研究了番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)、茄子(Solanum melongena)、辣椒(Capsicum annuum)3种茄果类蔬菜在重金属(Cd、Cu、Zn)复合污染土壤中的种植情况.结果表明:在对照组中番茄可食用部分对重金属Cd、Cu、Zn的吸收量最小,其次是茄子,均低于我国蔬菜重金属最高限量标准;而辣椒可食用部分对重金属Cd、Zn的吸收量最大且都超标,分别为:23.93mg/kg和105.40mg/kg.在二级污染土中蔬菜可食用部分Cd含量的顺序是茄子>辣椒>番茄,其中,茄子和辣椒均超标;3种蔬菜可食用部分Cu含量均达标;3种蔬菜可食用部分所含Zn的顺序是辣椒>番茄>茄子.在三级污染土中,3种蔬菜不可食用部分所含Cd和Zn的顺序是辣椒>番茄>茄子,且3种蔬菜可食和不可食部分中所含Cd、Zn的量均超标.因此,在轻度重金属复合污染土壤中种植番茄和茄子是可行的;在中度重金属Cd污染土壤上可种植番茄;辣椒对Cd、Zn的吸收量大,不建议在重金属Cd、Zn污染土壤上种植.

A pot experiment is carried out to study tomato （Lycopersicon esculenturn Mill）, Eggplant （Solanum melongena）, and pepper （Capsicum annuurn） in heavy metals （Cd, Cu, Zn） contaminated soil. The results show that in the control group, the edible part of tomato absorbs the lowest contents of Cd, Cu, and Zn, while the edible part of pepper absorbs the highest contents of Cd and Zn, which is 23. 93 mg/kg and 105. 40 mg/kg, respectively. In the simulated secondary pollution soil, the order of Cd content in the edible parts of vegetables is eggplant ~ pepper ~ tomato, and the concentrations in eggplant and peppers exceed the limits of vegetables in China. The contents of Cu in the edible parts of three vegetables all reach the standard. The order of Zn content in the edible parts of vegetables is pepper ~ tomato eggplant. In the simulated third pollution soil, the order of Cd and Zn content in the inedible parts of vegetables is eggplant tomato ~ eggplant, and all of the concentrations of Cd and Zn in the inedible and edible parts of three vegetables exceed heavy metal limitations in vegetables in China. Therefore, in the mild heavy metal polluted soil, it is feasible to plant tomato and eggplant. In the moderately heavy metal polluted soil, tomato planting is possible. Pepper has the higher absorption ability on Cd and Zn, so that it is not suggested that pepper planted in the Cd and Zn polluted soil.