中国改革的是哪个苏联模式——中国、苏东改革研究中一个应当注意的问题

Which Soviet Model Is the Object of Chinese Reform——An Issue We Should Pay Attention to in Chinese Reform and the Reform of Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

1953年斯大林去世后,苏联逐渐出现了一个有别于原斯大林模式的苏联模式。虽然两者尚无根本区别,但它们的差异也是不应忽视的。1956年前后,与苏东等国相同,中国一开始就把斯大林模式确定为改革对象,但不久便因失误走上了维护这种模式的道路,与苏联东欧等国拉开了距离。1978年后,当中国再次开始对斯大林模式的改革后,很快就走到了各社会主义国家改革的前列,取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就。与此同时苏东等国对斯大林模式的改革在取得一定进展后陷入停滞,直至引发苏东剧变。社会主义各国改革的艰难揭示了斯大林模式的一些深层次特征,以及落后国家以社会主义方式实现现代化的一些规律。

After Stalin＇ s death in 1953, the Soviet model different to the original Stalin mode began to appear in the Soviet Union. Although the two modes were not fundamentally different, their differences could not be ig- nored. From 1956 to 1976, the object of Chinese reform was mainly the Stalin mode. Although the reform was once on the wrong direction, but it prepared the conditions for the successful reform after 1978. At the same time, the reform of Stalin mode in the Soviet Union and other countries was at a standstill after they made certain progress until the trigger of Soviet Union and Eastern Europe upheaval. The difficulties in the reform of the social- ist countries reveals some deep-seated characteristics of the Stalin mode, and the basic law of backward countries realizing modernization in the way of socialism.