从民众运动到民众军事化--中共早期关于军事问题认识与实践的演进逻辑(1921-1930)

From the Mass Movement to the People's Militarization: The Evolution Logic of the CPC Early Understanding and Practice on the Military Issues

"由宣传而组织训练而军事行动"是中共早期对军事问题的基本认识,即先发动民众运动,等民众"觉悟"后再进行军事行动;在军事行动阶段,先把民众武装起来进行暴动,再从中生成正规军队。这种革命的"步骤论"过于机械,也使中共付出过惨重的代价。但是,中共着力从民众运动走向民众军事化、推动"武力与民众结合"的路径却是正确的,并在苏区军事实践中建立了红军、游击队、赤卫队三结合的武装力量体制,在实现"全民皆兵"御侮自强的同时,又分别以脱产、半脱产、不脱产的形式保持了军事与社会的联系,最大限度发挥了"全民动员"之功效。

＂From the publicity to training organization and to military action＂ is the early basic understanding on military issues of the CPC. That is to launch the mass movement first, and then to launch the military action after people have the ＂consciousness＂. In the stage of military action, they arm the ＂masses＂ to launch the riot, which generates the regular troops. The revolutionary theory of steps is too mechanical, which once made the the CPC pay a heavy price. However, the path of focusing from the masses movement to masses militarization, and promoting the ＂combination of force and masses＂ is right. They established the armed force system in the Soviet military practice, with the combination of the Red Army, guerrillas, and the red guards, which realized ＂entire nation in arms＂, and at the same time, in which they maintained military links with the society, in full-time, part-time, and in-service, to maximize the ＂national mobilization＂ effect.