私营工商业改造中资本家“摘帽子”问题初探

Study on Removing Capitalists “Hat”in the Private Industry and Business Reform

本文运用大量档案资料,探讨了私营工商业者为了摘掉资本家"帽子"而纷纷要求加入公私合营这一似乎众人皆知却很少有人能说清楚的问题;选取几位工商业者及家属的发言记录,真实反映了背负资本家"帽子"给他们所带来的沉重精神压力;着力考察1955年10月毛泽东的郑重承诺与随后政府方面的初步设想这两个涉及资本家"摘帽子"问题的关键环节,进而阐释在高潮中摘掉资本家"帽子"似乎指日可待的原因。

This paper uses many archives, and discusses that the private business owners, in order to remove the capitalists ＂hat＂ , have asked to join this public-private enterprises, which seems to be a well-known matter, but very few people can say clearly. This paper selects some speech which was made by several business people and their family members, which reflects the industrial and commercial businessmen＇ s heavy mental pressure caused by their capitalists ＂hat＂ after ＂the movement against five evils＂. This paper studies Mao Zedong＇ s solemn com- mitment at the end of October 1955 and the subsequent the government＇s preliminary idea about the key of ＂removing hat＂ in 1956. In addition, this paper also analyzes the reasons why removing capitalists ＂hat＂ seems to be close at hand in the climax.