生姜主要生物活性成分提取及应用研究进展

Advances on extraction and application of ginger bioactive ingredient

姜(Zingiber officinale Rosc)为姜科植物姜的鲜嫩茎,属多年生草本宿根植物,原产东南亚,国内主要分布于中部、南部以及四川省。早期的药理实验证实生姜具有散寒、止呕、开痰的功效,现代科学证实生姜具有抗衰老、降血脂、促进血液循环以及消炎抗菌等多种药效,同时也是食品和化妆工业的天然原料。本文介绍了生姜中的姜精油、姜辣素和二苯基庚烷类化合物等主要生物活性成分,分子蒸馏法、水蒸气蒸馏法、溶剂浸提法、压榨法和超临界CO2萃取法等提取方法,以及生姜生物活性成分在食品、药理、化妆品中的应用现状,并结合实际展望了生姜加工和活性成分提取的发展和应用前景,还就生姜生物活性成分提取及应用提出了确定生姜中最具抗菌活性的成分或单体,加快研究开发生姜生物活性成分测定的高精度方法和高效的分离与提纯技术等建议,供相关研发人员参考。

Ginger（ Zingiber officinale Rosc）is the dried rhizome of Zingiberaceae plant.Native to Southeast Asia and China,it is mainly distributed in the central,southern parts of and Sichuan Province of China.Early pharmacological practice has confirmed that ginger exerts the effect of expelling cold, and stopping cough and vomiting. And modern science has further confirmed its functions such as anti-aging, reducing blood fat, promoting blood circulation, anti-inflammation and antisepsis.Meanwhile, it has being used in food and cosmetic industry for a long time. In this mini- review paper, main active ingredients in ginger such as essential oil, gingerols and diarylheptanoids and their extraction methods such as molecular distillation, steam distillation, solvent extraction, expression and supercritical CO2 extraction, and the application of these ingredients in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic,had been summarized. The prospective on development and application of ginger active ingredient extraction technology had been also envisioned.Furthermore, suggestions on effective extraction and application of active ingredients from ginger had been posed as follows.research to select the most anti-microbial compound or monomer in ginger active ingredients should be first carried out as an important task.Then, analysis method with high accuracy and technology of extraction and purification for ginger active ingredients should be exploited intensively.